While a variety of theories have been postulated for the etymological origins of Canada, the name is now accepted as coming from the St. Canada is part of multiple major international and intergovernmental institutions. Canada's peacekeeping role during the 20th century has had a significant influence on its global image. Canada is recognized as a middle power for its role in international affairs, with a tendency to pursue multilateral solutions. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its history, economy, and culture.Ī developed country, Canada has one of the highest nominal per capita income globally and its advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration. It is very highly ranked in international measurements of government transparency, quality of life, economic competitiveness, innovation and education. The country is a Commonwealth realm and is officially bilingual (English and French) in the federal jurisdiction. The country's head of government is the prime minister, who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons and is "called upon" by the governor general, representing the monarch of Canada, the ceremonial head of state. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster, 1931, and culminating in the Canada Act 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom.Ĭanada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. It is sparsely inhabited, with the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. The country is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. Its border with the United States is the world's longest international land border. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline.
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